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RESEARCH PAPER
Cigarette ignition propensity, smoking behavior, and toxicant exposure: A natural experiment in Canada
1
Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and
Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
2
Department of Health Studies and
Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo,
ON N2L 3G1 Canada
3
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Submission date: 2011-08-19
Acceptance date: 2011-12-21
Publication date: 2011-12-21
Corresponding author
Richard J. O'Connor
Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2011;9(December):13
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
This study used a ‘pre-post’ research design to measure the impact of the Canadian reduced ignition propensity law on cigarette toxicity and smoking behavior among Canadian smokers.
Methods:
The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada over a ten-month period in 2005-2006, consisting of 4 laboratory visits (baseline N = 61, final N = 42). At Visit 1, questionnaire data and biospecimens were collected. During the following 24 hours, participants smoked 5 cigarettes ad libitum through a topography recording device and collected their cigarette butts. Visit 2 consisted of a questionnaire and smoking one cigarette to measure laboratory topography values. After ten months, these procedures were repeated.
Results:
Generalized estimating equations, with law status (pre and post) as a fixed within-subject factor, were used to determine changes in behavior and biomarker exposure. Overall, there were no significant differences in smoking topography, breath carbon monoxide, and saliva cotinine pre-post law (p>0.1). However, analyses revealed a significant increase in the summed concentrations of hydroxyfluorene metabolites (N = 3),, and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine, with at notable increase in hydroxyphenanthrene metabolites (N = 3) (pΣhydroxyfluorene = 0.013, 22% increase; p1-hydroxypyrene = 0.018, 24% increase; pΣhydroxyphenanthrene = 0.061, 17% increase).
Conclusion:
While the results suggest no change in topography variables, data showed increases in exposure to three PAH biomarkers following reduced ignition propensity implementation in Canada. These findings suggest that human studies should be considered to evaluate policy impacts.
This study used a ‘pre-post’ research design to measure the impact of the Canadian reduced ignition propensity law on cigarette toxicity and smoking behavior among Canadian smokers.
Methods:
The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada over a ten-month period in 2005-2006, consisting of 4 laboratory visits (baseline N = 61, final N = 42). At Visit 1, questionnaire data and biospecimens were collected. During the following 24 hours, participants smoked 5 cigarettes ad libitum through a topography recording device and collected their cigarette butts. Visit 2 consisted of a questionnaire and smoking one cigarette to measure laboratory topography values. After ten months, these procedures were repeated.
Results:
Generalized estimating equations, with law status (pre and post) as a fixed within-subject factor, were used to determine changes in behavior and biomarker exposure. Overall, there were no significant differences in smoking topography, breath carbon monoxide, and saliva cotinine pre-post law (p>0.1). However, analyses revealed a significant increase in the summed concentrations of hydroxyfluorene metabolites (N = 3),, and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine, with at notable increase in hydroxyphenanthrene metabolites (N = 3) (pΣhydroxyfluorene = 0.013, 22% increase; p1-hydroxypyrene = 0.018, 24% increase; pΣhydroxyphenanthrene = 0.061, 17% increase).
Conclusion:
While the results suggest no change in topography variables, data showed increases in exposure to three PAH biomarkers following reduced ignition propensity implementation in Canada. These findings suggest that human studies should be considered to evaluate policy impacts.
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CITATIONS (6):
1.
A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of experimental cigarettes manufactured with banded papers
Michael S. Werley, Ann M. Jerome, Darren J. DeSoi, Christopher R. E. Coggins, Michael J. Oldham, Willie J. McKinney
Inhalation Toxicology
Michael S. Werley, Ann M. Jerome, Darren J. DeSoi, Christopher R. E. Coggins, Michael J. Oldham, Willie J. McKinney
Inhalation Toxicology
2.
The science behind the development and performance of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes
Richard R Baker, Steven Coburn, Chuan Liu, Kevin G. McAdam
Fire Science Reviews
Richard R Baker, Steven Coburn, Chuan Liu, Kevin G. McAdam
Fire Science Reviews
3.
Effect of reduced ignition propensity paper bands on cigarette burning temperatures
B. Li, H.R. Pang, J. Xing, B. Wang, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, J.P. Xie
Thermochimica Acta
B. Li, H.R. Pang, J. Xing, B. Wang, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, J.P. Xie
Thermochimica Acta
4.
Cadmium Intake and Systemic Exposure in Postmenopausal Women and Age-Matched Men Who Smoke Cigarettes
Andrea Ebert-McNeill, Sara P. Clark, James J. Miller, Paige Birdsall, Manisha Chandar, Lucia Wu, Elizabeth A. Cerny, Patricia H. Hall, Maribeth H. Johnson, Carlos Isales, Norman Chutkan, Maryka H. Bhattacharyya
Toxicological Sciences
Andrea Ebert-McNeill, Sara P. Clark, James J. Miller, Paige Birdsall, Manisha Chandar, Lucia Wu, Elizabeth A. Cerny, Patricia H. Hall, Maribeth H. Johnson, Carlos Isales, Norman Chutkan, Maryka H. Bhattacharyya
Toxicological Sciences
5.
A systematic review and analysis of data reduction techniques for the CReSS smoking topography device
Jesus De, Agnes Hsin, Guy Faulkner, Harry Prapavessis
Journal of Smoking Cessation
Jesus De, Agnes Hsin, Guy Faulkner, Harry Prapavessis
Journal of Smoking Cessation
6.
Characterization of the internal working-life exposome using minimally and non-invasive sampling methods - a narrative review
Eline Verscheure, Rob Stierum, Vivi Schlünssen, Würtz Lund, Dorian Vanneste, Manolis Kogevinas, Barbara Harding, Karin Broberg, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Johanna Erdem, Mrinal Das, Konstantinos Makris, Corina Konstantinou, Xanthi Andrianou, Susan Dekkers, Lorna Morris, Anjoeka Pronk, Lode Godderis, Manosij Ghosh
Environmental Research
Eline Verscheure, Rob Stierum, Vivi Schlünssen, Würtz Lund, Dorian Vanneste, Manolis Kogevinas, Barbara Harding, Karin Broberg, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Johanna Erdem, Mrinal Das, Konstantinos Makris, Corina Konstantinou, Xanthi Andrianou, Susan Dekkers, Lorna Morris, Anjoeka Pronk, Lode Godderis, Manosij Ghosh
Environmental Research
| eISSN: | 1617-9625 |
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