Home
Issues
Aims and Scope
Open Access
Editorial Board
Indexing
Why publish with us
Contact us
Instructions to authors (PDF)
Manuscript Types
Manuscript Formatting
How to submit
Preprints
Special Publications & Reprints
Authorship & COI
Principles of Transparency Checklist
Data Policies
Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement
RESEARCH PAPER
Lower expressions of the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R in smokers: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis
1
Department of food and nutrition, Sanyo Gakuen College, Naka-ward, Japan
2
Department of nutrition and health promotion, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
3
School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
4
Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
5
Department of Medicine, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
Submission date: 2014-06-03
Acceptance date: 2014-07-22
Publication date: 2014-08-15
Corresponding author
Mieko Aoki
Department of food and nutrition, Sanyo Gakuen College, 1-14-1 Hirai, Naka-ward, Okayama 703-8501, Japan
Department of food and nutrition, Sanyo Gakuen College, 1-14-1 Hirai, Naka-ward, Okayama 703-8501, Japan
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2014;12(August):12
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Despite the fact that smokers have deficit in detecting taste, particularly bitter taste, no study has investigated its biological correlate.
Methods:
In this context, we compared the expression of the bitter taste receptor gene, taste 2 receptor (TAS2R) in the tongues of smokers and non-smokers. Tissue samples were collected from the lateral portion of the tongues of 22 smokers and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (19 males and three females) with no history of smoking. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TAS2R in the two groups, and the effect of aging on TAS2R expression was also assessed.
Results:
TAS2R expression was significantly lower among smokers than non-smokers (t = 6.525, P < .0001, 11.36 ± 6.0 vs. 2.09 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, non-smokers vs. smokers). Further, a positive correlation between age and expression of TAS2R was observed in non-smokers (r = .642, P = .001), but not smokers (r = .124, P = .584). This correlation difference was significant (Z = 1.96, P = .0496).
Conclusions:
Smokers showed a significantly lower expression of the bitter taste receptor gene than non-smokers, which is potentially caused by their inability to acquire such receptors with age because of cigarette smoking, in contrast to non-smokers.
Despite the fact that smokers have deficit in detecting taste, particularly bitter taste, no study has investigated its biological correlate.
Methods:
In this context, we compared the expression of the bitter taste receptor gene, taste 2 receptor (TAS2R) in the tongues of smokers and non-smokers. Tissue samples were collected from the lateral portion of the tongues of 22 smokers and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (19 males and three females) with no history of smoking. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TAS2R in the two groups, and the effect of aging on TAS2R expression was also assessed.
Results:
TAS2R expression was significantly lower among smokers than non-smokers (t = 6.525, P < .0001, 11.36 ± 6.0 vs. 2.09 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, non-smokers vs. smokers). Further, a positive correlation between age and expression of TAS2R was observed in non-smokers (r = .642, P = .001), but not smokers (r = .124, P = .584). This correlation difference was significant (Z = 1.96, P = .0496).
Conclusions:
Smokers showed a significantly lower expression of the bitter taste receptor gene than non-smokers, which is potentially caused by their inability to acquire such receptors with age because of cigarette smoking, in contrast to non-smokers.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Spangler JG: Smoking and hormone-related disorders. Prim Care. 1999, 26: 499-511. 10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70114-7.
2.
Cao S, Yin X, Wang Y, Zhou H, Song F, Lu Z: Smoking and risk of erectile dysfunction: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e60443-10.1371/journal.pone.0060443.
3.
Spechler SJ: Barrett esophagus and risk of esophageal cancer: a clinical review. JAMA. 2013, 310: 627-636. 10.1001/jama.2013.226450.
4.
Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TWJ: Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2010, 376: 1094-1108. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60826-4.
5.
Gardener S, Gu Y, Rainey-Smith SR, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Mathieson SL, Taddei K, Mondal A, Ward VK, Scarmeas N, Barnes M, Ellis KA, Head R, Masters CL, Ames D, Macaulay SL, Rowe CC, Szoeke C, Martins RN, AIBL Research Group: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer's disease risk in an Australian population. Transl Psychiatry. 2012, 2: e164-10.1038/tp.2012.91.
6.
Xue WQ, Qin HD, Ruan HL, Shugart YY, Jia WH: Quantitative association of tobacco smoking with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies conducted between 1979 and 2011. Am J Epidemiol. 2013, 178: 325-338. 10.1093/aje/kws479.
7.
Fowkes F, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg J, McDermott M, Norman P, Sampson U, Williams L, Mensah G, Criqui M: Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013, 382: 1329-1340. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61249-0.
8.
Gromysz-Kałkowska K, Wójcik K, Szubartowska E, Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk A: Taste perception of cigarette smokers. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 2002, 57: 143-154.
9.
Raffaelli R, Baldinetti A, Somma F, Rumi G, Tiberi F: Variations in the taste function of smokers. Minerva Somatol. 1989, 38: 1253-1256.
10.
Szejtli J, Szente L: Elimination of bitter, disgusting tastes of drugs and foods by cyclodextrins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005, 61: 115-125. 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.05.006.
11.
Mela D: Gustatory function and dietary habits in users and nonusers of smokeless tobacco. Am J CLin Nutr. 1989, 49: 482-489.
12.
Enoch M, Harris C, Goldman D: Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted?. Addict Behav. 2001, 25: 399-404.
13.
Cannon D, Baker T, Piper M, Scholand M, Lawrence D, Drayna D, McMahon W, Villegas G, Caton T, Coon H, MF L: Associations between phenylthiocarbamide gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005, 7: 853-858. 10.1080/14622200500330209.
14.
Snedecor S, Pomerleau C, Mehringer A, Ninowski R, Pomerleau O: Differences in smoking-related variables based on phenylthiocarbamide “taster” status. Addict Behav. 2006, 31: 2309-2312. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.02.016.
15.
Maehashi K, Huang L: Bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009, 66: 1661-1671. 10.1007/s00018-009-8755-9.
16.
Brockhoff A, Behrens M, Niv MY, Meyerhof W: Structural requirements of bitter taste receptor activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010, 107: 11110-5. 10.1073/pnas.0913862107.
17.
Keller M, Liu X, Wohland T, Rohde K, Gast M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Böttcher Y: TAS2R38 and its influence on smoking behavior and glucose homeostasis in the German Sorbs. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e80512-10.1371/journal.pone.0080512.
18.
Sekine H, Takao K, Yoshinaga K, Kokubun S, Ikeda M: Effects of zinc deficiency and supplementation on gene expression of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) on the tongue in rats. Laryngoscope. 2012, 122: 2411-2417. 10.1002/lary.23378.
19.
Meng YG, Liang J, Wong WL, Chisholm V: Green fluorescent protein as a second selectable marker for selection of high producing clones from transfected CHO cells. Gene. 2000, 242: 201-7. 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00524-7.
20.
Tomassini S, Cuoghi V, Catalani E, Casini G, Bigiani A: Long-term effects of nicotine on rat fungiform taste buds. Neuroscience. 2007, 147: 803-810. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.053.
21.
Satta R, Maloku E, Zhubi A, Pibiri F, Hajos M, Costa E, Guidotti A: Nicotine decreases DNA methyltransferase 1 expression and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 promoter methylation in GABAergic interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008, 105: 16356-16361. 10.1073/pnas.0808699105.
22.
Shaykhiev R, Sackrowitz R, Fukui T, Zuo WL, Chao IW, Strulovici-Barel Y, Downey RJ, Crystal RG: Smoking-induced CXCL14 expression in the human airway epithelium links chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to lung cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013, 49: 418-425. 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0396OC.
23.
Hecht S: Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: chemical mechanisms and approaches to prevention. Lancet Oncol. 2002, 3: 461-469. 10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00815-X.
24.
Winkler S, Garg A, Mekayarajjananonth T, Bakaeen L, Khan E: Depressed taste and smell in geriatric patients. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999, 130: 1759-1765. 10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0133.
25.
Navarro-Allende A, Khataan N, El-Sohemy A: Impact of genetic and environmental determinants of taste with food preferences in older adults. J Nutr Elder. 2008, 27: 267-276. 10.1080/01639360802261920.
CITATIONS (18):
1.
The pharmacology of bitter taste receptors and their role in human airways
Philippe Devillier, Emmanuel Naline, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Philippe Devillier, Emmanuel Naline, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2.
Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?
Temperance R. Rowell, Robert Tarran
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Temperance R. Rowell, Robert Tarran
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
3.
Factors related to taste sensitivity in elderly: cross-sectional findings from SONIC study
M. Uota, T. Ogawa, K. Ikebe, Y. Arai, K. Kamide, Y. Gondo, Y. Masui, T. Ishizaki, C. Inomata, H. Takeshita, Y. Mihara, Y. Maeda
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
M. Uota, T. Ogawa, K. Ikebe, Y. Arai, K. Kamide, Y. Gondo, Y. Masui, T. Ishizaki, C. Inomata, H. Takeshita, Y. Mihara, Y. Maeda
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
4.
The repertoire of bitter taste receptor genes in Ovalentaria fish
Shuai Shang, Huanxin Zhang, Xiaoyang Wu, Jun Chen, Huaming Zhong, Qinguo Wei, Chao Zhao, Jiakuo Yan, Yao Chen, Xuexi Tang, Honghai Zhang
Environmental Biology of Fishes
Shuai Shang, Huanxin Zhang, Xiaoyang Wu, Jun Chen, Huaming Zhong, Qinguo Wei, Chao Zhao, Jiakuo Yan, Yao Chen, Xuexi Tang, Honghai Zhang
Environmental Biology of Fishes
5.
Epidemiological survey on prevalence and associated risk factors of bitter taste among inpatients from four Grade 3A hospitals in Beijing
Pengfei Si, Yanling Fu, Shenglou Ni, Xun Ma, Xinrong Wang, Qian Du, Chao Wang
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Pengfei Si, Yanling Fu, Shenglou Ni, Xun Ma, Xinrong Wang, Qian Du, Chao Wang
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
6.
Genetic Variation in the TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor and Smoking Behaviors
Davide S. Risso, Julia Kozlitina, Eduardo Sainz, Joanne Gutierrez, Stephen Wooding, Betelihem Getachew, Donata Luiselli, Carla J. Berg, Dennis Drayna, Sergio Tofanelli
PLOS ONE
Davide S. Risso, Julia Kozlitina, Eduardo Sainz, Joanne Gutierrez, Stephen Wooding, Betelihem Getachew, Donata Luiselli, Carla J. Berg, Dennis Drayna, Sergio Tofanelli
PLOS ONE
7.
Medicinal Plants Qua Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretagogue via Intestinal Nutrient Sensors
Ki-Suk Kim, Hyeung-Jin Jang
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Ki-Suk Kim, Hyeung-Jin Jang
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
8.
Relationships of PROP Taste Phenotype, Taste Receptor Genotype, and Oral Nicotine Replacement Use
Karen Ahijevych, Beverly J. Tepper, Margaret C. Graham, Christopher Holloman, William A. Matcham
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Karen Ahijevych, Beverly J. Tepper, Margaret C. Graham, Christopher Holloman, William A. Matcham
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
9.
Self-reported Smoking Status, TAS2R38 Variants, and Propylthiouracil Phenotype: An Exploratory Crowdsourced Cohort Study
Allison N Baker, Anjelica M Miranda, Nicole L Garneau, John E Hayes
Chemical Senses
Allison N Baker, Anjelica M Miranda, Nicole L Garneau, John E Hayes
Chemical Senses
10.
Bitter Taste Receptors for Asthma Therapeutics
Ajay Nayak, Sushrut Shah, James Michael, Deepak Deshpande
Frontiers in Physiology
Ajay Nayak, Sushrut Shah, James Michael, Deepak Deshpande
Frontiers in Physiology
11.
TAS2R expression profile in brown adipose, white adipose, skeletal muscle, small intestine, liver and common cell lines derived from mice
Shunsuke Kimura, Eisuke Kato
Gene Reports
Shunsuke Kimura, Eisuke Kato
Gene Reports
12.
Influence of smoking history on the perception of radiation-induced dysgeusia/hypogeusia in patients with head and neck cancer
DaMin Park, Shruti Jain, La Quay-De, Kathryn Huber, Miriam O’Leary, Arwa Farag
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
DaMin Park, Shruti Jain, La Quay-De, Kathryn Huber, Miriam O’Leary, Arwa Farag
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
13.
T2R12
gene variation in Chinese native cattle owing to banteng introgression
Yuqing Han, Lulan Zeng, Shuang Li, Gaoxiang Yuan, Ying Liu, Xuhong Ding, Kaixing Qu, Fuqiang Li, Jicai Zhang, Chuzhao Lei, Bizhi Huang, Ningbo Chen
Animal Genetics
Yuqing Han, Lulan Zeng, Shuang Li, Gaoxiang Yuan, Ying Liu, Xuhong Ding, Kaixing Qu, Fuqiang Li, Jicai Zhang, Chuzhao Lei, Bizhi Huang, Ningbo Chen
Animal Genetics
14.
An update on extra-oral bitter taste receptors
Tuzim Kamila, Korolczuk Agnieszka
Journal of Translational Medicine
Tuzim Kamila, Korolczuk Agnieszka
Journal of Translational Medicine
15.
Assessing expression of TAS2R16 receptor on the tongue of elderly persons
Tomáš Fekete, Radoslav Židek, Lenka Maršálková
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
Tomáš Fekete, Radoslav Židek, Lenka Maršálková
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
16.
Does genetic variation in a bitter taste receptor gene alter early smoking behaviours in adolescents and young adults?
Alaa Alsaafin, Meghan Chenoweth, Marie‐Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Rachel Tyndale
Addiction
Alaa Alsaafin, Meghan Chenoweth, Marie‐Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Rachel Tyndale
Addiction
17.
Generalised Periodontitis: Examining TAS2R16 Serum Levels and Common Gene Polymorphisms (rs860170, rs978739, rs1357949)
Albertas Kriauciunas, Greta Gedvilaite, Akvile Bruzaite, Gediminas Zekonis, Dainius Razukevicius, Rasa Liutkeviciene
Biomedicines
Albertas Kriauciunas, Greta Gedvilaite, Akvile Bruzaite, Gediminas Zekonis, Dainius Razukevicius, Rasa Liutkeviciene
Biomedicines
18.
Profiling bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) along the gastrointestinal tract and their influence on enterohormone secretion. Gender- and age-related effects in the colon
Florijan Jalševac, Maria Descamps-Solà, Carme Grau-Bové, Helena Segú, Teresa Auguet, Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado, Francesc Balaguer, Rosa Jorba, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Maria Teresa Blay, Ximena Terra Barbadora, Montserrat Pinent, Anna Ardévol
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Florijan Jalševac, Maria Descamps-Solà, Carme Grau-Bové, Helena Segú, Teresa Auguet, Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado, Francesc Balaguer, Rosa Jorba, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Maria Teresa Blay, Ximena Terra Barbadora, Montserrat Pinent, Anna Ardévol
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1617-9625 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
