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REVIEW PAPER
Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers:
A narrative review
1
Department of
Periodontology, Faculty of
Dentistry, Izmir Tınaztepe
University, Izmir, Turkey
2
Department of
Periodontology, Faculty of
Dentistry, Izmir University of
Democracy, Izmir, Turkey
3
Department of
Periodontology, Faculty of
Dentistry, Ege University,
Izmir, Turkey
Submission date: 2021-05-30
Final revision date: 2021-07-19
Acceptance date: 2021-09-09
Publication date: 2021-10-07
Corresponding author
Nurcan Buduneli
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Tob. Induc. Dis. 2021;19(October):77
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Smoking is considered as the major environmental risk factor for periodontal
diseases. Smokers have a higher risk for severe periodontitis with more periodontal
tissue destruction, more gingival recession, and more susceptibility for tooth
loss. The aim of this narrative review is to provide up-to-date evidence on the
clinical outcomes of periodontal treatment in smokers. Electronic databases were
searched for studies that compare the clinical outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers
following non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment modalities
and also during the supportive periodontal treatment. Clinical studies published
before May 2021 were included in the review. Smokers have a higher risk for
recurrence of periodontal disease and the response to non-surgical as well as
surgical periodontal treatment is not as good as that of non-smokers. Moreover,
there is a dose-response effect in the adverse effects of smoking on periodontal
health. Compared to non-smokers, smoker patients with periodontitis tend to
respond less favorably to non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment, and
exhibit recurrence more frequently during supportive periodontal treatment.
Along with the periodontal treatment, smokers may be encouraged to quit. Long
follow-up and the communication between the dentist and the patient give a great
opportunity for such counseling.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported.
FUNDING
There was no source of funding for this study.
ETHICAL APPROVAL AND INFORMED CONSENT
Ethical approval and informed consent were not required as this is a
review of existing literature.
DATA AVAILABILITY
The data supporting this study are available from the authors on
reasonable request.
AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS
NB provided primary oversight to the organization of the review, as well
as specific sections on periodontal treatment. MK and BK provided the
content for the review.
PROVENANCE AND PEER REVIEW
Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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